Health care costs in America have risen dramatically over the past few decades, NiceRx wrote, with costs expected to reach $6.2 trillion by 2028 due to a growing and aging population and an increase in chronic diseases. Prescription drugs represent 10% of these expenditures.

Annual price increases resulted in a 2.6% cumulative change in personal spending per person between 2015 and 2019. Total spending per person also increased over time, increasing by 28.4%, according to NiceRx.

From 2012 to 2022, only one prescription drug included in NiceRx’s list fell in price, as Harvoni, a drug used to treat hepatitis C, fell an average of 5.3%. The smallest average increase is for Isentress, an antiretroviral used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV, which has increased by an average of 11.5% over the past 10 years.

Humulin, a brand of insulin, has seen the biggest price increase over the past decade, rising an average of 1,070.1% from $67 in 2012 to $1,512 in 2022, or $714.9 percentage points higher than the prescription drug with the second highest increase, Renvela, NiceRx wrote.

The United States spends the most per person per year on prescription drugs at $1,011 per person, followed by Switzerland at $783. Sweden spends only $351 a year. According to the Medbelle Medicine Price Index, which compares the average costs of 13 generic pharmaceutical compounds as well as branded alternatives in 50 countries, the United States has the highest overall inflation rate compared to the global median average at 307 %. Zestril, a blood pressure drug, had the highest standard deviation at 2,683%.

Several sources were used to compile the report, NiceRx said, including total annual retail prescription drug spending by state from KFF data; changes in personal expenditure per person from 2015 to 2019 from the Healthcare Cost Institute’s 2019 Health Care Report and global per capita retail pharmaceutical expenditure from the Commonwealth Fund.